English Names in Chinese Characters - A

Click on the English names beginning with the letter A to see the English name in Chinese. The Chinese names are translated based on the English pronunciation of the names. The Chinese names are written in simplified characters, which are used in Mainland China. To find your last name in Chinese, please see English Last Names in Chinese. Female Chinese Name: More about Chinese Names. AMarieAMeiyaAadilahAafkeAaliyahAaminaAaralynAarynAashkaAasthaAbagailAbbeyAbbieAbbigailAbbyAbeilleAbiAbidaAbigailAbigaleAbigayleAbriannaAbrilAcaciaAclairAdaAdaezeAdahAdalineAdalynAdaraAddieAddisonAddyAdelaAdelaidaAdelaideAdeleAdeliaAdelinaAdelineAdellAdellaAdelleAdenaAdesinaAdhrahAdiAditiAdnAdonnaAdreenaAdriaAdrianAdrianaAdrianeAdriannaAdrianneAdrianousAdrieAdrienneAfafAfricaAfshanAgathaAgeethAggieAgnesAhliAhooAichaAidaAidalynAideeAidenAileenAileenaAileighAilemaAilsaAimeeAinhoaAinsleeAinsleyAirynAishaAislingAislinAislinnAitanaAiyanaAjaAjaineAjdaAjlaAkebulanAkitaAlaaAladinaAlainaAlaineAlajaAlanaAlanisAlannaAlanyaAlaynaAlaysiaAlbanyAlbertaAlberthaAlbertineAlbinaAldaAldineAleahAleashaAleciaAleeceAleenaAlegriaAleighaAleishaAlejandraAlejandrinAleksaAlenaAleneAleshaAlesiaAlessaAlessandraAletaAlethAlethaAletheaAletheiaAlethiaAlexAlexaAlexanderAlexandraAlexandreaAlexandriaAlexiaAlexisAlexizAlexusAlexysAlfredaAlgernaeAliAliaAliceAliciaAlidaAlieceAlinaAlineAlintaAlisaAlishaAlisonAlissaAliviaAli xAliyaAliyahAlizaAlizeAlkhouriAllaAllegraAlleneAlleyAlliAllieAllineAllisonAlluraAllyAllysonAllyssaAlmaAlmedaAlmiraAlmudenaAlnieAlonaAlondraAlphaAlrunAltaAltagraciaAlthaAltheaAlvaAlvenaAlveraAlvertaAlvinaAlwynAlyanaAlyannaAlyceAlyciaAlyonaAlysaAlyseAlyshaAlysiaAlysonAlyssaAlysynAmadaAmaliaAmalieAmanAmandaAmandeepAmaniAmaraAmaranthaAmarhaAmariAmarisAmarliannaAmayaAmberAmberisAmberleighAmberleyAmeAmeeAmeiyaAmeliaAmelieAmenaAmeraAmerbelAmericaAmiAmiciyahAmieAminaAmiraAmparoAmyAmyaAnAnYeaAnaAnabelAnadeliAnahiAnaiahAnaisAnajahAnaliseAnastasiaAnayaAndeeAndraAndreaAndreeaAndreiaAndreinaAndreishaAndreshiaAndrewAndriaAneissaAneleAneesaAnetteAngelAngelaAngelesAngeliaAngelicaAngeliceAngelieAngelikaAngelinaAngelineAngeliqueAngelitaAngharadAngiAngieAnikaAnisahAniseAnissaAnitaAnitraAniyaAniyahAnjaAnjaliAnjanetteAnjelAnjelicaAnkeAnkieAnnAnn-marieAnnaAnnabelAnnabellAnnabellaAnnabelleAnnadelleAnnadelle MarieAnnahAnnaleeAnnalisaAnnaliseAnnalouiseAnnamAnnamaeAnnamarieAnneAnnekeAnnelieAnnemarieAnnemarie keAnnemieAnnemiekAnnettaAnnetteAnniAnnicaAnnickAnnieAnnikaAnnikeAnnisAnnuAnnyAnnzleyAnoukAnsAnsleyAnthonyAntionetteAntoinetteAntonetteAntoniaAntoniettaAntoninaAntraAnuAnyaAoifeAokiAprilAprilleAqsaAraAraceliAracelliAracelyArceliaArdellArdellaArdeneArdisArdithArdorynaAreejAreenaArelyArethaAretiAriaArianaArianeAriannaArianneArielAriellaArielleAriesArionnaAriyanaArleenArleneArlettArlieArlineArmaniArmidaArnaArnelaArohaAroleArrieArshiaArtaryArthurArtieArtilyaArumaArvillaAryaAryanaAryannaAsasiaAsdinAshAshaAshantiAshayaAshelyAshlandAshleaAshleeAshleighAshleyAshlieAshlyAshlynAshlynnAshraAshtonAshtynAshuntaAsiaAsifaAsmaAsmitaAspasiaAspenAssisAstenAstridAsyaAtbarAthenaAtiyahAubreeAubreyAubrieAuburnAudraAudreaAudreyAugustinaAuliAunjenaeAuroraAustraAustynAutumnAvaAvangalineAveryAvriAvrilAyaAyanaAyannaAydnAyelAyeshaAylaAylinAynurAyraAyushiAzariaAzeezaAziaAzizaAzrael Dont see your name here? Complete a Submit a First Name in Chinese form and your name will be added to the list in about two weeks. More about Chinese Names.

Chapter 12 Case Study Paypal †Going Global All Languages...

Case Study: PayPal – Going Global all Languages at a Time. 1. One of the challenges that PayPal faces now that they have managed to overcome the polylingual obstacle is finding the best way to put this functionality in the hands of the business, so that they do not have to go through IT each time. How do you balance this need for responsiveness and flexibility versus IT’s need to keep some degree of control to make sure everything keeps working with everything else? Provide some recommendations to managers who find themselves in this situation. The case presents PayPal’s move to keep all of its consumer sites updated in a certain country’s local language in order to keep up with its goal to expand into new markets across the world. In†¦show more content†¦To balance this need for responsiveness and flexibility versus IT’s need to keep some degree of control to make sure everything keeps working with everything else, PayPal should have an interconnected and collaborative group of network systems or tools so that both the business side and the IT team can join in overseeing and maintaining PayPals translation mechanism. The company can provide tools for the managers that will allow them to troubleshoot on their own for any problems that can be encountered in the future, such as language tools and content management tools. The IT team can collaborate with the management to provide language tools for managers that will oversee the PayPal website so that the business managers themselves can be know ledgeable in the translation process. They can create a tool that identifies additional words or phrases that need to be translated. The website operators themselves can use this application, instead of directing their suggestions and needing more help from IT, to create new ideas for the translation architecture. Since the IT team have already created an adaptable SimShip architecture at the start, it is assumed that more words that new terms that may apply to the countries they are serving can be translated automatically. What the business side can effectively do is to identify more of those words or phrases that need translations so that all foreign versions of PayPal convey the same messages to theirShow MoreRelatedcourse outline4047 Words   |  17 Pageswant their course grades posted must inform the instructor in writing before the first assignment/test is due. Students will receive the results of their first test/term work before the final deadline for dropping courses wit hout academic penalty. All assignments submitted for grading will be handed back within three weeks, except for the final assignment/test which will be available after official final grades are available. E-mail Communication: Students must use the e-mail address listed aboveRead MoreAn Analysis of the Current and Future Use of Internet Technologies of Boohoo.Com5657 Words   |  23 Pagesand product information. Boohoo also increases their brand awareness by advertising in popular women’s fashion magazines. When analysed by Powermapper’s Sortsite, Boohoo’s pages are compatible and have no compliance issues which are better than the all other sites, therefore working on older browsers and it fulfils regulations. Yet 72% have issues including accessibility for disabled and international consumers. Boohoo operates mainly as a B2C company selling fashion directly to the consumer howeverRead MoreManaging Information Technology (7th Edition)239873 Words   |  960 PagesCONTENTS: CASE STUDIES CASE STUDY 1 Midsouth Chamber of Commerce (A): The Role of the Operating Manager in Information Systems CASE STUDY I-1 IMT Custom Machine Company, Inc.: Selection of an Information Technology Platform CASE STUDY I-2 VoIP2.biz, Inc.: Deciding on the Next Steps for a VoIP Supplier CASE STUDY I-3 The VoIP Adoption at Butler University CASE STUDY I-4 Supporting Mobile Health Clinics: The Children’s Health Fund of New York City CASE STUDY I-5 DataRead MoreMarketing and E-commerce Business65852 Words   |  264 PagesComplete Listing of Chapter Opening Cases, Insight Cases, E-commerce in Action Cases, and Case Studies CHAPTER 1 THE REVOLUTION IS JUST BEGINNING Opening Case: Pinterest: A Picture Is Worth a Thousand Words Insight on Technology: Will Apps Make the Web Irrelevant? Insight on Business: Start-Up Boot Camp Insight on Society: Facebook and the Age of Privacy Case Study: The Pirate Bay: Searching for a Safe Haven CHAPTER 2 E-COMMERCE BUSINESS MODELS AND CONCEPTS Opening Case: Twitter’s BusinessRead MoreCase Study148348 Words   |  594 Pagesis not responsible for the content of third party internet sites. ISBN: 978-0-273-73557-1 (printed) ISBN: 978-0-273-73552-6 (web) All rights reserved. Permission is hereby given for the material in this publication to be reproduced for OHP transparencies and student handouts, without express permission of the Publishers, for educational purposes only. In all other cases, no part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronicRead MoreWhy The Luxembourgish Economy Is Too Dependent On The Financial Services Industry9739 Words   |  39 PagesLuxembourgish economy is too dependent on the financial services industry. Furthermore, it is going to measure the contribution coming from the sector to the national economy. The objective is to find out to what extend the economy depends on the financial sector. To reach this, this T hesis will first give an overview of the Luxembourgish economy and analyse its international competitiveness. Then, it is going to explain how the country evolved to becoming a financial centre and it is describing theRead MoreInnovators Dna84615 Words   |  339 PagesHarvard Business School and the architect of and the world’s foremost authority on disruptive innovation. â€Å"Businesses worldwide have been guided and in uenced by e Innovator’s Dilemma and e Innovator’s Solution. Now e Innovator’s DNA shows where it all starts. is book gives you the fundamental building blocks for becoming more innovative and changing the world. One of the most important books to come out this year, and one that will remain pivotal reading for years to come.† Chairman and CEO,Read MoreOnline Shopping Website : Web Based Systems Project10604 Words   |  43 PagesSPECIFICATIONS 14 3.4.1 Functional Requirement 14 3.4.2 Non- functional requirements 15 4.0 Project Design 16 4.1 Process Model 16 4.1.1. 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The case studies which follow allow the reader to extendRead MoreFashion Marketing17446 Words   |  70 PagesGraduate Certificate in Fashion Marketing TERM UNIT ASSIGNMENT TITLE CREDIT RATING LEVEL STAFF RESPONSIBLE TIME FRAME Spring The Context of Fashion Essay Ten credits H3 Dr Wessie Ling Issue date: week commencing 13.03.06 Hand in to School Office (Room 322 Davies Street) no later than 12.00pm on Mon, 24 April 2006. Attn: to Dr Wessie Ling. Essay are bound, marked with students’ names, and all pages are numbered. Choose from one of the following essay titles: - Conspicuous consumption: Past, present

Government Surveillance - 5539 Words

Government Surveillance Imagine a world where your every move was being monitored. A dark world where it is no secret who you are, where you have been and who you associate with; now include who you love, who you pray to and what you just ate for dinner. The word privacy doesn’t exist in such world and it is such world that we are heading to.â€Å"Big Brother is watching you!† This quote by George Orwell couldn’t have been truer. Every aspect of our lives is being sorted through as Big Data this very moment. Government surveillance has prevailed by the name of security. But, is government surveillance of internet digital communications like social networks, cell phone calls, text messages, and emails really a public service of security? Or†¦show more content†¦Government surveillance in the past was not a big threat due to the limitations on technology; however, in the current day, it has become an immense power for the government. Taylor, author of a book on Electronic Surveil lance supports, A generation ago, when records were tucked away on paper in manila folders, there was some assurance that such information wouldn t be spread everywhere. Now, however, our life stories are available at the push of a button (Taylor 111). With more and more Americans logging into social media cites and using text-messaging devices, the more providers of metadata the government has. In her journal â€Å"The Virtuous Spy: Privacy as an Ethical Limit†, Anita L. Allen, an expert on privacy law, writes, â€Å"Contemporary technologies of data collection make secret, privacy invading surveillance easy and nearly irresistible. For every technology of confidential personal communication†¦there are one or more counter-technologies of eavesdropping† (Allen 1). Being in the middle of the Digital Age, we have to be much more careful of the kinds of information we put in our digital devices. Some Americans may argue that the government surveillance programs target only foreigners, that we, as Americans, are exempted from this type of scrutiny. They are even reassured by President Barrack Obama in an interview on Charlie Rose: If you areShow MoreRelatedEssay On Government Surveillance1529 Words   |  7 Pagesorganizations especially the government constantly watches each and every one of our moves. By definition, surveillance is any systematic focus on any information in order to influence, manage, entitle, or control those whose information is collected. (Bennet et Al, 6). From driving to the shopping mall to withdrawing money from the ATM machine, Canadians are being watched constantly. With Canada’s commitment to advance technology and infrastructure in the 1960s, government surveillance is much easier andRead MoreGovernment Surveillance : A Controversial Issue On Terrorism853 Words   |  4 Pagesevents of September 11th, government surveillance has skyrocke ted to some of the most advanced programs seen today; the government has the ability to intercept almost anybody’s internet activities, personal messages, and phone calls. 9/11 brought about the implementation of the Patriot Act, new NSA programs, and a new found â€Å"war on terrorism.† This has become a controversial issue on whether these programs violate Americans’ civil rights. Future government surveillance can be predicted to only becomeRead MoreTaking a Look at Government Surveillance1776 Words   |  7 PagesGovernment Surveillance The primary goal of the government since its founding has been to ensure the safety of citizens. It has developed an array of methods, procedures, and systems to achieve that goal. Throughout the years there has been some form of criticism regarding its methods. The most recent cause for public disapproval and concern stems from government surveillance brought to the light by former contractor of the National Security Agency (NSA), Edward Snowden. Snowden has brought attentionRead MoreIs Government Surveillance a Violation of the Fourth Amendment1245 Words   |  5 PagesThe government is always watching to ensure safety of their country, including everything and everyone in it. Camera surveillance has become an accepted and almost expected addition to modern safety and crime prevention (â€Å"Where† para 1). Many people willingly give authorization to companies like Google and Facebook to make billions selling their personal preferences, interests, and data. Canada particip ates with the United States and other countries in monitoring national and even global communicationsRead More Government Surveillance of Internet Activity Essay3550 Words   |  15 PagesGovernment Surveillance of Internet Activity 1. Background Back to late 1980s in China, some young people in college or research institute had a chance to surf the Internet through a fairly low speed, roughly routed World Wide Web connection. But a big surprise for them was that the Internet was a real freeway, a freeway escaping from strict government control, a freeway for people who wanted to see but couldn’t see and who wanted to say but couldn’t say. Stepping into the 21st centuryRead MoreMedia And Government Surveillance And Privacy Issues1271 Words   |  6 PagesThe Economist, Nov. 16, 2013. Media and government surveillance and privacy issues With everybody having a smartphone, access to Internet everywhere and frequently using other technologies to communication, there is easier to record anything and everything you see and share it. In some ways this is a positive thing, but it could also have severe consequences in a bad way. Wherever you go there are security cameras recording you, e-mails are under surveillance, your phone calls are being listened toRead More Government Surveillance in the Digital Age Essay2365 Words   |  10 PagesGovernment Surveillance in the Digital Age Imagine walking along a busy street in the middle of a sunny day. Also imagine that someone is following you around, videotaping everything you do. Disturbing thought? Even more disturbing is the fact that the United States government is already doing this, and its perfectly legal. 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Essay about Observe a Sixth Grade English Class at Bain...

Observe a Sixth Grade English Class at Bain Middle School I observe at Roosevelt Middle School, which is in River Forest, in Mrs. Braun’s sixth grade English class on Tuesdays in the morning. As I have observed, I have noticed that the classroom is student-centered. During computer time, Mrs. Braun focused more on helping the students get into the computer program to start the assignment than on having enough time to get the assignment done. Several times, Mrs. Braun gave helpful comments on how to do things on the computer or in the program, such as how to install automatic spell check. Mrs. Braun was also very patient as she was being asked questions while she was trying to explain the assignment. From what I saw, some†¦show more content†¦Braun, and then vocabulary is covered. Then a vocabulary assignment is given with any other new assignments on what is being cover in class. Next the teacher reads or goes over any assigned readings from the book that is being covered in class. This is the same basic routine for period two. The third period is computer time and the routine seems to vary. There is a quick transition from activity to activity during these routines. The classroom environment is that of a basic classroom setting. There are some decorations and other things hanging on the wall. Among the decorations is a hand-made calendar on the wall by Mrs. Braun’s desk. There is a history of each student’s last name on the wall on the other side of Mrs. Braun’s desk. There seems to be a controlled temperature and lighting in the classroom and they are set at an adequate setting. The room is arranged with five groups of desks in a circular type shape. In the middle of the room is a cart where new assignments are put and reading journals are kept. There are different locations throughout the room for different supplies. With the layout of the room, it seems there is adequate space to move around and do in-class activities. The physical space also seems conducive to teaching and learning. The physical space, including seating and grouping arrangements, seems to enhance cooperation and learning because there seems to be fewer distractionsShow MoreRelatedInnovators Dna84615 Words   |  339 Pagesthe Marriott School, Brigham Young University. He is widely published in strategy and business journals and was the fourth most cited management scholar from 1996–2006. is a professor of leadership at INSEAD. He consults to organizations around the world on innovation, globalization, and transformation and has published extensively in leading academic and business journals. is the Robert and Jane Cizik Professor of Business Administration at Harvard Business School and the architectRead MoreDeveloping Effective Research Proposals49428 Words   |  198 Pagesasin: print isbn13: ebook isbn13: language: subject publication date: lcc: ddc: subject: Developing Effective Research Proposals Essential Resources for Social Research Punch, Keith. Sage Publications, Inc. 0761963553 9780761963554 9780585386072 English Social sciences--Research--Methodology, Proposal writing in the social sciences. 2000 H62.P92 2000eb 300/.72 Social sciences--Research--Methodology, Proposal writing in the social sciences. cover next page Page i Developing Effective ResearchRead MoreManagement Course: Mba−10 General Management215330 Words   |  862 PagesMcGraw-Hill/Irwin abc McGraw−Hill Primis ISBN: 0−390−58539−4 Text: Effective Behavior in Organizations, Seventh Edition Cohen Harvard Business Review Finance Articles The Power of Management Capital Feigenbaum−Feigenbaum International Management, Sixth Edition Hodgetts−Luthans−Doh Contemporary Management, Fourth Edition Jones−George Driving Shareholder Value Morin−Jarrell Leadership, Fifth Edition Hughes−Ginnett−Curphy The Art of M A: Merger/Acquisitions/Buyout Guide, Third Edition Reed−Lajoux Read MoreDeveloping Management Skills404131 Words   |  1617 Pagesmymanagementlab is an online assessment and preparation solution for courses in Principles of Management, Human Resources, Strategy, and Organizational Behavior that helps you actively study and prepare material for class. Chapter-by-chapter activities, including built-in pretests and posttests, focus on what you need to learn and to review in order to succeed. Visit www.mymanagementlab.com to learn more. DEVELOPING MANAGEMENT SKILLS EIGHTH EDITION David A. Whetten BRIGHAM YOUNG UNIVERSITY Read MoreGsk Annual Report 2010135604 Words   |  543 Pagesin the year can also be seen by visiting our website: www.gsk.com/corporatereporting Notice regarding limitations on Director Liability under English Law Under the UK Companies Act 2006, a safe harbour limits the liability of Directors in respect of statements in and omissions from the Report of the Directors contained on pages 8 to 101. Under English law the Directors would be liable to the company, but not to any third party, if the Report of the Directors contains errors as a result of recklessness

Nores vs Greek Essay Example For Students

Nores vs Greek Essay Greek mythology and Roman mythology are almost identical. This is an accepted fact, as it is widely known that the Romans stole the Greek myths. However, it is very interesting to note that the mythology of the Vikings (Norse) has many similarities with the Greek myths. These myths are, by no means, identical to the Greek ones (like the Roman ones are), but there are very distinct commonalities between the two. I see two possible reasons for this besides pure coincidence. The first has to do with the fact that Norse myths were codified during the Viking era: 780 1070. This gives the Norsemen many centuries to become exposed to the Greek (or Roman) myths. The Vikings did travel as far east as the Caspian sea, which is further east than both Italy and Greece. The Norse myths were fashioned after the fall of the Roman empire. During the expansion of the Roman empire, the Romans were able to get all the way to Britain, which is farther west than the Scandinavian countries where these myths originated. The Vikings made many expeditions into Britain. So it is a very realistic thought that the Vikings could have been exposed to the stories of the Greek and Roman gods. It is also possible that the Vikings could have extrapolated parts of the Roman stories into their own. The only two existing primary sources of Norse mythology are the Prose (Elder) Edda, and the Poetic (Younger) Edda. These were written about one thousand to eight hundred years ago respectively. The second factor has to do with mythology as an extension of the society that fashions it. I see mythology as an attempt by a people to explain the powerful forces which affect and shape it, that are beyond its control, such as weather, the elements, and nature. I also see gods as being characters that have many similarities with the people within the society. The gods and goddesses are powerful beings capable of super-human powers, but nevertheless are characters fraught with very human frailties and flaws. In this way they created gods that had similarities with the common man in the society. This made the gods more tangible and easier to identify with. I think that this was necessary because they were not yet at the societal maturity level to have a single god on a cosmic plane. Most of the comparisons will be examining the similarities between major Greek and Norse gods, as well as creatures, stories and specific symbols which are featured in the mythologies. Some of the gods do not have direct counterparts (Thor, Athena and Loki). However, I will provide possible similarities within the respective mythologies. Asgard is sometimes known as Asgarth. It is the realm of the gods and the home of both the Aesir and Vanir. Is is ruled by Odin, the leader of the Norse deities. It is located in the heavens, but is connected to earth by a bridge, known as Bifrost, sometimes referred to as a rainbow. There is also a route from Asgard to the underworld, the domain of Hel. Valhalla, a hall within Asgard, was the palace for fallen kings, warriors who had died in battle and heroes. Mount Olympus was the home of the Greek gods. It was chosen as their home because of its altitude, for Zeus, the king of the gods, was associated with the sky. Within the mythology, Mt. Olympus was large, foreboding and of considerable elevation, but the real Mt. Olympus is little more than a hill. The comparisons between Asgard and Mt. Olympus are many. Both are in the sky or heavens. In this sense, these mythologies are somewhat similar to understandings of heaven in later religions, which is often visualized as being above the earth. However, both Asgard and Mt. Olympus have direct connections with the earth (via the bridge or up the slopes of the mountain. ) This connectedness to the realm of man is again another example of the needed tangibility of the gods by these peoples. Both Asgard and Mt. Olympus were ruled by the supreme god of the respective mythological supreme gods, Odin and Zeus. Odin, from his throne, Hlidskialf, was able to see all of the nine worlds of Norse mythology, while Zeus could also see all of the earth from Mt. Olympus. Both sites were the domain of the gods, forbidden to ordinary humans, although their inhabitants often left to interact with the common people. Even though the gods did not always live in Asgard or Mt. Olympus, they were the places for conferences and councils of the gods. Thor is the son of Odin and a member of the Aesir, the name for the collection of Norse gods. He is the god of thunder and the main enemy of the giants. He would smash their heads with his mighty axe-hammer, Mjolnir. To wield this awesome weapon he needed iron gloves and a belt of strength. Mjolnir would return to Thors hand after being thrown and is symbolic of lightning. Thor was very well-known for his quick and hot temper. This was often vented on the giants, the main enemies of the gods. He was foremost of the gods to the common man, who would call on him to ensure fertility, and was widely worshiped. Hammer-shaped amulets were popular, the hammer being a symbol of Thor because it was his weapon, and were worn about the neck well into the Christianization of Scandinavia. There are molds from that time which contain both cross and hammer shapes, side by side. His name is found in numerous place names, and it was his statue which was central in the great temple at Uppsala. Our day of the week, Thursday, is named for him. Donar was an early version of Thor among the early Germans. The Anglo-Saxons worshiped a thunder god named Thunor. There doesnt seem to be a direct counterpart to this Norse god of thunder. However, some aspects of Thor can be found in some of the Greek gods. The first one is the parallel with Zeus. Zeus is the god of lightning and thunder. Thor is also the god of thunder but he is not the ruler of the gods. In some ways, though, he was the most important god to the Norse, in the sense that Thor was the most worshipped and liked god. Thor, in this context, could be compared to Athena. Athena was the most beloved goddess of the Greeks. This is quite interesting as Thor and Athena are very different. Thor is basically a brute while Athena is a wise, strategic goddess. She is reasonable and usually thinks her actions through. Thor usually acts on impulse. So, what does this say about the cultures which chose these two for their favourites? Were the Norse brutes themselves while the Greeks were more civilized? Were the Norse looking for a simplistic and impulsive god, who acted much like they did, while the Greeks were more strategic? Athena is the daughter of Zeus and Metis. There was a prophecy that Metis would bear a child equal to Zeus in wisdom, so he ate his pregnant wife, Metis, and unborn daughter. The story goes that, one day Zeus claimed that he had the worst headache in history, and ordered Hephaestos, the craftsman god, to split his head open with an axe. He did so and Athena sprang full grown and in armour from his forehead. She is fierce and brave in battle but only fights to protect the state and home from outside enemies. She is the goddess of the city, handicrafts, and agriculture. She invented the bridle, which permitted man to tame horses, the trumpet, the flute, the pot, the rake, the plow, the yoke, the ship, and the chariot. She is the embodiment of wisdom, reason, and purity. She was Zeus favourite child and was allowed to use his weapons including his thunderbolt. Her favorite city is Athens. Her tree is the olive. The owl is her bird. She is a virgin goddess. Athena does not have a direct counterpart in Norse mythology. However, she is a major figure in Greek mythology and cannot be ignored. Athena was the most worshipped of the Greek gods and goddesses, and in this respect can be compared to Thor. As Thor had amulets of his hammer made for him, Athena had her likeness put on the staters (coins) of Alexander the Great. Because of her great wisdom, a comparison can be drawn between her and Odin. Odin also had great wisdom. However, it seems that Athena was held in higher esteem than Odin, as Odin was not born with this great wisdom, but had to go through many tasks and tricks to gain the knowledge. Another similarity between Odin and Athena is the fact that both are known for helping mortals. Athena helped Odysseus, Perseus, Jason and Herakles. In this same light, Odin is the protector of Sigmund, for example. Athena was a warrior goddess, as Odin was a warrior god, although Athena was a strategic figure, and most of the Norse figures, including Odin, were not known for being strategists. An interesting difference between Norse and Greek mythology is exemplified in the popularity and importance of Athena, because she is female. Although a line in the Poetic Edda states that the goddesses were no less important than the gods, in fact no Norse goddess approached the stature or popularity that Athena had with the Greeks. In the various stories of Norse mythology, the goddesses, while being mentioned, have no major impact, yet Athena is a prime mover in many Greek legends. Loki is one of the giants, the enemies of the Norse gods. He became a member of the Aesir (the gods) when Odin made Loki his blood brother. He is the god of fire, mischief, a trickster, and very cunning. After causing the death of Balder, he was bound by the gods until the Ragnarok (the final battle or the twilight of the gods), at which time, he will be freed. Loki fathered Fenris, the wolf that is prophesied to kill Odin during Ragnorok; the Midgard Serpent, prophesied to kill Thor in the same battle; and Hel. Loki does not have an obvious counterpart in Greek mythology, although many other cultures such as North American aboriginals, Oceanic, West African and Chinese have myths which feature tricksters. There is one Greek god, however, that is considered somewhat of a trickster, although certainly not to the same extent as Loki Hermes. As soon as Hermes was born, he displayed this trait by stealing Apollos cows. He was taken for judgement to Zeus after this crime, but he used his cunning, offering the lyre he invented, to escape punishment. In many ways this is much like Lokis behaviour, in that Loki often was able to talk his way out of predicaments. He was also somewhat like Zeus, known for his shape-changing. This was one of Lokis favourite tricks. As god of fire, Loki could be compared to Hephaestus, the Greek god of fire. One of the major stories about Loki is his exile from Asgard for being indirectly responsible for the death of Balder. This punishment was meted out by Odin. Similarly, Hephaestus was ejected from Mt. Olympus by Zeus over an argument about one of Zeus favourites, Heracles. However, these two gods cannot be considered direct counterparts because Loki is a major figure in Norse mythology, while Hephaestus is a much more incidental figure in the myths of the Greeks. There are many symbols present in Norse myths. The giants represent the powerful forces of nature for example. One major symbol applies to Loki specifically. This is fire, both in its good and bad sense. Loki often helps out the gods (fire in the good sense). Loki also sets the gods very far back even to death (the bad sense of fire). This would sum up Lokis character perfectly, as Loki was both good and bad, just like the fire he was the god of. The first obvious commonality between the two would be the association with fire: Loki being the god of fire, and Prometheus being the bringer of fire to the humans. Above I mentioned both the good and bad aspects of fire. This can be applied to Prometheus steakling of the fire from the gods of Olympus. Although the giving of fire to man aided humankind, and led to technological advance, the stealing of fire had reprecussions: It taught men to cheat and steal, and of course Odins blood-brother. Prometheus was a Titan, but was admitted to Olympus for remaining neutral in the revolt of the Olympians against the Titans. Both of these gods were adopted into the respective races almost as to reward them, but both would be regretted. Prometheus knew who would be responsible for the death of Zeus. This can be looked at in the same light as Lokis both knowledge and responsibilty of Odins death, as he fathered the beast Fenris who would kill him. Another reason why the adoption of these two would be regretted was the role they would play in the harm and destruction of humanity. Loki is a major palyer and provokes Ragnorok, the final battle that will destroy everything including the gods. Prometheus caused the creation of Pandora therefore daming mankind. However this was not enough punishment in the eyes of Zeus, so he caused a flood that destroyed mankind. However it is equally important to notice that in both myths, humanity renews itself. Fire also plays a very large role in the destruction of the world in the Norse myths, as Surtur engulfs the world in flame after the battle of Ragnarok. Some would say that Prometheus association of fire destroyed mankind. In Norse myths too, fire destroyed mankind. Prometheus was also a trickster, as he stole cheated and lied. His name means forethought, and in a lot of ways this is muck like Loki. As mentioned above one of Lokis strong qualities was his ability to out-wit the gods. This too was a characteristic of Prometheus. Neither acted capriciously, which set both of them apart from the other gods in their respective mythologies. For indirectly causing the death of Balder, Loki was bound in chains with a seprent above him dripping poison to harm Loki. Prometheus was likewise bound by the gods for his actions. He was chained to a rock in the Caucasian mountains, with a vulture to tear away at his liver all day long an endless torture, as his liver would grow back every night. Very similar as both were chained to stone, with an endless torture. Loki was not freed until the twilight of the gods, or Ragnorok. Prometheus was also released by Herakles, and immediatly had the interaction with Zeus, when he told him what would cause his death. So both were freed, and immediatly became associated with the death of the gods. Tyr is the Norse god of war. He is also known as being the bravest of the gods. This was exemplified when he put his right hand into Fenris the wolfs mouth when the gods were binding him with chains. Fenris then bit off Tyrs right hand, which is why Tyr is always depicted with one hand. There is much debate about his left-handedness. On November 22, 1996 the last piece of a massive t EssayBoth Apollo and Balder are known as the gods of light and both are considered to be beautiful, handsome gods. Apollo was known as the god of divination and one of the most common stories about Balder is his dream about his death. Both were sons of the supreme god in their respective mythologies and both had twins (Balder and Hod, Apollo and Artemis. ) While Apollo was known as the sun god, Balder was usually thought to have light shining from him. Ull is the goddess of archery and the hunt and according to some she is also the patron goddess of skiers and the snowshoe. Her weapon is a longbow made out of yew. She lived in Ydal (Yew Dales. ) She was called upon for help in duels. She was the daughter (or step-daughter) of Thor and Sif (or Ovandrill, depending on the source). Her name, which means glorious, is a part of many place names, therefore, she is considered to be an ancient goddess who was widely worshipped. It is believed that at one time she was one of the highest gods. Artemis is the goddess of the hunt and childbirth. She is the twin sister of Apollo. She is the daughter of the Titan, Leto, and Zeus. Artemis, like her brother Apollo, possessed a wide range of divine attributes. She was a virgin and very protective of her chastity. She was also famous for her wrath. This was usually displayed when someone tried to seduce her. Artemis is also known as the goddess of the moon, as her brother is the god of the sun. Artemis is the goddess of the moon, and of the hunt. Ull is also identified with hunting, but not the moon. Both mythologies, interestingly enough, identified females for the deity associated with hunting. But again, Ull is not a major player in the Norse myths, especially in comparison with Artemis, who had a fairly lage role. Ull is not known as being a virgin, but she is known for her vengeful thoughts. This is displayed in her constant hatred for Loki, for killing her father even after they had made a truce. This is in many ways a lot like Artemis and her wrath. She would not forgive anyone that tried to seduce her. Both of these goddesses were symbolized by a longbow. Ull was also known for skiing and snowshoeing. It is not a surprise that Artemis was not identified with these, as there just isnt a lot of snow in Greece. The important fact is that it seems that both are powerful women characters. This is especially important in the case of Ull because of the usual lesser status of female figures women in Norse myths. However, to reinforce the dominance of males, in some of the sources, Ull was displayed as being male. It may have been too problematical for the Norse to have a deity that was both powerful and female. Aphrodite is the Greek goddess of love, beauty, reproduction, laughter and sexuality. She was born from foam, which is what her name means. She sprang fully-grown from this white foam as the severed genitals of Uranos fell into the sea. As she is the god of sexuality and reproduction she has mothered many children. One of her most famous lovers was Ares. It is interesting to note that she was the patroness of prostitutes. Her power over the heart was reinforced by a special belt or girdle. Freyia is the goddess of love, fertility, war, and wealth. She was the daughter of Njord, and the sister of Frey. Her daughter, by her husband, Od, is named Hnoss, who is so beautiful that whatever is valuable and lovely is named treasure after her. She lived in Folkvang (battlefield) and each day chose half of the slain warriors to split with Odin. She somehow lost her husband, Od, and cried golden tears for him. Many believe Od is Odin. Her chariot was drawn by cats and she owned the precious Brisinga-mens necklace, which she acquired by sleeping with four dwarves. She also owned a feather coat which she could use to fly between the worlds. She was also known as the goddess of magic and divination. Freyia was one of the few Norse female characters who had a major role, an exception to the general rule of lower status for goddesses compared to gods. She was revered by women. Some sources say Friday is named after her. Both Aphrodite and Freyia are goddesses of love and fertility/reproduction. In keeping with the apparent Norse acceptance of infidelity, Freyia is much more a goddess of lust, being identified with sexual freedom. In this way she was almost identical to Aphrodite, as both were well-known for their numerous partners. While one of Freyias prized possessions was her famous necklace, Aphrodite, similarly, was renowned for her girdle. In many stories, both goddesses were asked to lend these adornments to others. Because of her association with divination, Freyia has some of the characteristics which the Greeks assigned to Apollo. Garm was a huge, gigantic dog that guarded the gates to Hels realm. He was the head of a pack of numerous dogs and wolves with this guard function. Cerberus is a ferocious dog, given to Hades to guard the entrance to the underworld. Usually depicted as three-headed, Homer described him as having fifty heads. Sometimes he is described as having a serpent for a tail and dragons on his back. As the guard of the underworld, his function was to prevent the living from entering, and the dead souls from returning to the land of the living. Except for one occasion, he remains in the underworld, the one occasion being one of the Labours of Heracles. He is known to be the brother of the Hydra (a nine-headed serpent, whose destruction was another of Heracles Labours) and the Chimera (a fire-breathing creature which is a mixture of a lion, a goat and a serpent). Perhaps in both these mythologies, the old saying Beware of the dog is more appropriate than Dog is mans best friend. Needless to say, it is an obvious similarity that the guard to the underworld is a canine. In the case of the Norse, Garm is only one of many dogs; to the Greeks it was one dog with many heads who was the sentry. These maidens are sometimes considered giants, but are usually depicted as three goddesses. They were said to visit each being, god or human, immediately after birth, to determine his or her future. While sometimes there are said to be many Norns, there are usually three mentioned, named, Urd (Fate) Skuld (Being) and Verdandi (Necessity). They are associated with the Well of Fate. The Fates are also known as the Moirae or Apparitioners. These three females determine the lifespan of every individual. It is questionable whether or not they were subject to Zeus power as they were sometimes seen as being superior even to the gods. They were named Clotho (The Spinner), Lachesis (The Drawer of Lots) and Atropos (Inevitable). Clotho presides at birth and spins out the thread of life, Lachesis measures it and Atropos cuts it off. In later stories they were described as three old women. These are almost identical figures in the myths, in number, gender and purpose, even to the fact that in both mythologies, they can be considered to be independent of the gods. In fact, it is from the Norns that Odin learns of his fate being killed in battle with the wolf, Fenris. While the Greek Fates are often visualized as being around a cauldron or spinning wheel, the Norns position themselves around a well. This symbolizes the circle of life, a concept found in many mythologies beyond the Norse and Greek. The Norse believed that at the beginning of time there was Niflheim which was an icy region, Muspell which was a fiery region and a large void called Ginnungagap. Over time the fires and sparks of Muspell warmed the frozen vapours of Niflheim, condensed them into water and they started to drip. The drips collected in Ginnungagap and two gigantic beings were formed Ymir a frost giant and a huge cow called Audumla. Ymir drank Audumlas milk and grew bigger and stronger. One night while he was asleep, Ymir sweated. From the sweat from the soles of his feet a six-headed troll appeared. A male and a female frost giant grew from the sweat of his armpits. The cow was licking the salty ice and gradually a new creature came into being. The first day hair appeared; on the second, a head; and on the third the body of a new giant, called Buri. Buris sons and grandsons became the gods, not giants. Odin led all of his kin against Ymir and killed him. He dragged Ymirs enormous body into Gunnungagap. His flesh became the earth, his blood the sea, his bones the mountains, his hair the trees and his teeth became stones. Odin and the others discovered worms in the earth and turned them into dwarves and dark elves. The gods also discovered light elves. The blood (sea) drowned all of frost giants except two who started a new race of giants from which came all warlocks, enchanters and witches. Odin set Ymirs skull over earth as the sky. He put the brains around the sky and called them clouds. Sparks from Muspell formed stars. Ymirs eyebrows were turned into land called Midgard. The first two humans were created from trees a man from an ash, a woman from an elm. The gods then departed by the bridge to Asgard. There were nine worlds: Niflheim (mist and dead), Muspell (fire), Midgard (humans), Jotunheim (frost giants), Alfheim (light elves), Nidavellir (dwarves), Svatalfheim (dark elves), Vanaheim (Vanir gods), Asgard (Aesir). Above all the worlds was a wondrous tree, Yggdrasil, the world tree. Chaos was the first thing to exist. He is sometimes called the oldest of the gods, but is also described as a shapeless void. From him sprang Ge (or Gaia), Tartarus, Eros, Erebus, and Nyx (Night). Ge brought forth Uranos, the sky and then the mountains and the sea. She had intercourse with her son, Uranos, to produce the first divine races (the Titans). Uranos didnt like his offspring and forced them back into Ge. Ge was enraged by this and she persuaded Chronos, the youngest of her children, to castrate Uranos during the next intercourse between Ge and Uranos. Uranos died and Chronos became ruler of heaven. Chronos feared his children and so after his wife/sister, Rhea, gave birth, he ate the children. However, Rhea hid one of her children, Zeus, on an island and substituted a rock to give to Chronos. Ge raised Zeus and plotted the overthrow of Chronos. The goddess Metis gave Chronos a drink which caused him to regurgitate Zeus brothers and sisters. Zeus and his siblings fought and defeated their father. There is not one clear story of the origin of humans. One story tells of Hephaestos sculpting Pandora, who is considered the first woman. In other stories Prometheus scuplts humans from clay models and Athena breathes life into them. In both mythologies there was a void at the beginning. In the Norse stories Gunnungagap, the void, was the eventual source of life. In the Greek creation myth, Chaos, a shapeless void, was all there was at the beginning and from him sprang all other creations. In both stories, the first gods revolted against their father or grandfather and by overthrowing him became the ruler of the worlds. In both, humanity was formed from nature rather than through descent from the gods. It is interesting that there was a great deal of detail about the formation of earth in the Norse myth and many more types of beings than just gods and humans. CONCLUSION In the samples I chose to illustrate, there are a number of parallels between the Greek and Norse mythologies. Some deities, for example, are very similar, even though not identical. A major difference, however, I believe, was caused by the very different environments in which the two cultures developed. The land and climate in which the Norsemen lived was much harsher than that of the Greeks. Life was difficult compared to the gentler climate of Greece and its more abundant sources of food. With a milder climate, agriculture was not as tenuous, from one year to the next, as it would have been in northern Scandinavia. It would seem that the Norse myths reflect this harshness, with characters and tales that embody this arduous life. There are not the same nuances about music and many of the arts in the Norse legends, as people would have had a lot less leisure time to develop these pursuits, being consumed with sustenance. Most of the Norse gods were war-like in nature; while the Greeks had deities who affected war, it was certainly not to the same extent as the Norse. Again this was because the Greek culture had developed somewhat beyond that of the Vikings, where accomplishments in war were not the only things to be pursued and admired. The Greeks definitely gave more importance to females than did the Norse. Although the Poetic Edda states that goddesses are of the same importance as gods, this is not borne out by a review of the Norse myths. In this treatment, I have not been able to research in great detail the societies which developed these mythologies; a thorough study of them would, I believe, lead to more evidence that the differences in the societies resulted in the variances in the mythologies. By the same token, it would be interesting to determine, in greater detail, to what extent the similarities in the societies led to the parallels in the myths, or what evidence there is that the stories and characters in Norse mythology were borrowed from the Greeks and/or Romans.

Myth of sisyphus Essay Example For Students

Myth of sisyphus Essay How was the text borrowed from other texts, and with what effects? How has he borrowed from other texts and to what effects? Introduction: Thesis: Campus has borrowed philosophical ideas from other writers which has influenced his interpretation for the existence of an individual mostly described within his works with The Myth of Sisyphus as well as his other well known novels. Prominent in Europe in the 19th and 20th century Existentialism is defined by the slogan Existence precedes Essence. This meaner: We have no predetermined nature or essence that controls what we are, what we do, or hat is valuable for us. We are radically free to act independently of determination by outside influences. We create our own human nature through these free choices. We also create our values through these choices. Paragraph 1: Transition statement: These prominent ideas have been analyzed in various texts to specifically Justify a philosophers interpretation for the life of an individual. This particular theme can be seen Through the comparison between Myth of Sisyphus and Dostoevsky works. Though they both believe in the existence of an individual that the society rejects and hat is the existentialist, there are many other instances which makes these two philosophers unique from one another. The Possessed (sometimes translated as The Devils). KRILL Campus says that this suicide, however, is not an act of despair, but a creative act in which Krill hopes, in a sense, to become God. His suicide is essentially an attempt to sacrifice himself and to show the world the absurd freedom that we all have, so that those that follow him might be able to live more freely. Though Dostoevsky wrestled with absurd themes, he ultimately placed his faith in God. In this sense, Campus concludes, he is more of an existentialist than an absurdist. Campus was able to Justify his thinking of suicide and his strong held belief in a life without a god. Paragraph 2: Transition Statement: Focusing on the ideas of faith and the genuine happiness gained from acceptance of it, The Myth of Sisyphus explores it with connection to the story of Oedipus. In accepting their fate, Sisyphus and Oedipus have abandoned hope, and so their fate does not seem horrible to them. On the contrary, they have finally found the only genuine happiness. Oedipus becomes a tragic figure only when he becomes aware that he has killed his father and married his mother. He also remarks that both Sisyphus and Oedipus are ultimately happy, that they conclude that all is well. Sisyphus: He knows that he will struggle forever and he knows that this struggle will get him nowhere. This awareness is precisely the same awareness that an absurd man has in this life. The above point also relates to Oedipus where he knows that being acceptable for his his situations and faith, his point of view for society will change and will learn to decide his own faith. Redeem of choice- being able understand that only you control your own life. Campus identifies Sisyphus as the archetypal absurd hero, both for his behavior on earth and for his punishment in the underworld. He displays scorn for the gods, a hatred of death, and a passion for life. Going against Dostoevsky ideas on faith and religion Paragraph 3: Transition Statement: The futility of ones life is an evident theme in Homers and Camass interpretation for The Myth of Sisyphus. Both homer and Campus address the futility of Sisyphus labor. Futile punishment dead to their unnecessary and extreme punishment Campus also emphasizes this idea in his interpretation for the myth of Sisyphus. Working as a highwayman, Sisyphu s had been condemned to a punishments for his immoral acts. .u109a29c0c8681182c76d47909801029b , .u109a29c0c8681182c76d47909801029b .postImageUrl , .u109a29c0c8681182c76d47909801029b .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u109a29c0c8681182c76d47909801029b , .u109a29c0c8681182c76d47909801029b:hover , .u109a29c0c8681182c76d47909801029b:visited , .u109a29c0c8681182c76d47909801029b:active { border:0!important; } .u109a29c0c8681182c76d47909801029b .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u109a29c0c8681182c76d47909801029b { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u109a29c0c8681182c76d47909801029b:active , .u109a29c0c8681182c76d47909801029b:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u109a29c0c8681182c76d47909801029b .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u109a29c0c8681182c76d47909801029b .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u109a29c0c8681182c76d47909801029b .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u109a29c0c8681182c76d47909801029b .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u109a29c0c8681182c76d47909801029b:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u109a29c0c8681182c76d47909801029b .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u109a29c0c8681182c76d47909801029b .u109a29c0c8681182c76d47909801029b-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u109a29c0c8681182c76d47909801029b:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Arrowsmith by Sinclair Lewis EssayHe was punished for the letting out the secret of a misdeed that was done by the Greek god Jupiter. Jupiter wrongdoings for abducting Ageing was of less concern than Sisyphus act of telling; hence, Sisyphus was punishment with a futile labor of rolling a rock up a hill. The futility of this punishment is that the rock will eventually roll down and Sisyphus would have to start again. These events show the absurdist of the society through the extremes present in both the texts. This very idea has influenced Camass writing and has been evident in his novel The outsider In the novel The Outsider , Muralist is punished for his unmindful murder of an Arab; however, society does not seem to punish him for that. Due to his reticent and emotionless personality, Muralist is rather punished for his supposedly inhumane reaction towards the death of his own mother. Most of the witnesses had not been there during the murder at all. They were all present only during the funeral and could only talk about that particular event. Due to the high emphasis on his mothers death, Muralist was given a death penalty as the society rejected his individualism. This tells us the absurdity of their punishment as they were both completely unjust. They both are happy at the end and accept their fates. Conclusion: Through the different philosophical ideas present in the above texts, we see how writers have mold deed Camass thinking which are evident in his works of literature. Sisyphus: He displays scorn for the gods, a hatred of death, and a passion for life. Dostoevsky and Campus show contrast in their manner of thinking about individualism. Being Russians- from religious; French- didnt matter. Dostoevsky ultimately concludes that we cannot live without faith, while Campus believes that we can. Muralist abhorrent towards anyone who tries to change his views on god- Muralist agitated but remains and stands strong for his point of view even though society punches him with it to the ground. Overall, most of the philosophical ideas of Campus are present within in works of literature are influenced by the great writers of philosophy in the 19th and 20th century.